Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10, August 11, 1866. President Johnson directs the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to “the Proclamation of a Treaty between the United States and the Cherokee Nation of Indians, concluded on the 19th of July, 1866.” Signed crisply at the conclusion by Andrew Johnson. In fine condition, with toning to the edges and folds. Accompanied by a printed engraving of “A New Map of the Cherokee Nation” and by a printed copy of the ‘Treaty with the Cherokee, 1866.’
The ‘Treaty with the Cherokee, 1866’ played a crucial role in reestablishing the legal and political relationship between the United States and the Cherokee Nation after the turbulent years of the Civil War. The intranational pact featured several key articles related to post-war amnesty, land and property, financial compensation, and the abolition of slavery within the Cherokee Nation. The pact was instrumental in reuniting the Cherokee Nation, which had been divided during the war, with some members supporting the Union and others supporting the Confederacy; Cherokee slaveholders held Confederate sympathies due to concerns about the potential impact of Union policies on their slaveholding practices.
President Andrew Johnson's policies and actions toward Native Americans were complex and varied during his presidency. He inherited Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal policy aimed at relocating Native American tribes from their ancestral lands to reservations further west, and, as this document reveals, his administration negotiated treaties with Native American tribes with the goal of securing land for white settlers. To further complicate matters, Johnson's presidency coincided with the early years of Reconstruction. While Johnson was sympathetic to the plight of Southern states, he faced conflicts with tribes allied with the Confederacy, a group that included the Cherokee.
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