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Partly-printed DS as president, signed “R. B. Hayes,” one page, 7.75 x 10, April 26, 1879. President Hayes directs the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to “my Proclamation relative to certain settlers upon lands of what is known as the Indian Territory.” Signed at the conclusion by Rutherford B. Hayes. In fine condition, with a short tear to the left edge.
On April 26, 1879, President Rutherford B. Hayes issued a ‘Proclamation Regarding Indian Territory’ to address tensions involving illegal settlements in Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma). This proclamation was significant in the context of westward expansion and the conflict between the federal government, Native Americans, and “certain settlers” which newspapers coined as ‘Boomers.’ Led by figures like Kansas pioneer and politician David Lewis Payne, the Boomers were settlers who advocated for opening the ‘Unassigned Lands’ in Indian Territory for non-Native settlement.
As these lands were still under federal jurisdiction and Native treaties, Hayes issued the proclamation to reinforce that entering or settling on Indian Territory was illegal without federal authorization. This did little to deter Payne and his Boomers who, despite being arrested on a few occasions, continued to press for settlement by organizing expeditions and public campaigns. These tensions persisted until the Land Runs of the 1880s and 1890s when portions of Indian Territory were opened to settlers after significant legal and political changes.
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