Rare partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10, June 23, 1881. President Garfield authorizes and directs the secretary of state to affix the Seal of the United States “to my ratification of the convention between the United States and other Powers, for the establishment on fixed and uniform bases, of the exercise of the right of protection in Morocco, etc., signed at Madrid, July 2, 1880.” Signed prominently at the conclusion by Garfield. In fine condition. Garfield documents signed as president are rare in this desirable size and format—this is only the fifth such example that we have offered. Moreover, this document was signed by Garfield less than two months before he was shot by Charles Guiteau.
This document relates to the Treaty of Madrid, which was signed in Madrid, Spain, on July 3, 1880, and established agreements between Morocco, the United States, and several European powers, granting the latter parties ownership of Moroccan lands they had seized, resources on those lands, settlement rights, and the ability to employ locals. Essentially, it regulated and formalized European conquests in Moroccan territories within the international community.
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