Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10.5, March 31, 1859. President Buchana authorizes and directs "the Secretary of State to affixed the Seal of the United States to the Treaty between the U. States and the Tonawanda band of Seneca Indians." Signed neatly at the conclusion by James Buchanan. In very good condition, with creasing, toning, splitting to the folds, and small areas of paper loss, none of which affect the signature.
On November 5, 1857, the Tonawanda Band signed a treaty with the United States and was recognized as a tribe independent of the Seneca Nation of New York. The new treaty with the U.S. allowed the Tonawanda Band to buy back lands from the Ogden Land Company, which had been sold out without their permission in the Treaties of Buffalo Creek. This treaty was ratified by Senate on June 4, 1858, and proclaimed by President Buchanan with this very document.
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