Born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari (1765-1846), he served as pope from 1831 to 1846. Strongly conservative and traditionalist, he opposed democratic and modernizing reforms in the Papal States and throughout Europe, seeing them as fronts for revolutionary leftism, and sought to strengthen the religious and political authority of the papacy. ALS in Italian, signed “Card. Cappellari,” one page, 7.5 x 9.5, February 12, 1828. Untranslated letter to Father Bianchi. In very good condition, with foxing, staining, and a rusty paperclip impression to the upper left corner.
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