Born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari (1765-1846), he served as pope from 1831 to 1846. Strongly conservative and traditionalist, he opposed democratic and modernizing reforms in the Papal States and throughout Europe, seeing them as fronts for revolutionary leftism, and sought to strengthen the religious and political authority of the papacy. Untranslated ALS in Italian, unsigned, one page, 8 x 11.5, December 12, 1844. In fine condition. Pre-certified PSA/DNA.
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