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English soldier and statesman (1599-1658) who led Parliamentary forces in the English Civil War, waged war against Scotland and Ireland and, in 1653, following the execution of Charles I, became Lord Protector of Great Britain, a position he held until his death in 1658. After a yearlong reign by his son, Richard, the British throne was restored (to Charles II) and Cromwell's body was exhumed and posthumously 'executed.' Sought-after vellum manuscript DS, signed “O. Cromwell,” one page, 11.25 x 7.25, October 15, 1653. Commission document from “Oliver Cromwell Esq’r Captaine Generall & Comander in Chief of all the Armies and Forces raised & to be raised within the Comon Wealth of England,” appointing Edward Salmon as "Colonell of that Regiment of Foote…raised under my command for the service of the Commonwealth.” Further, he must follow “directions as shall from time to time receive from myself and…officials of the Army according to the discipline of war.” Signed prominently at the conclusion by Cromwell. In very good to fine condition, with light creasing, toning, and soiling. After Charles I was executed in 1649, Parliament would not dissolve itself to make way for a permanent settlement of the political situation, so Cromwell, with military backing, expelled the ‘rump Parliament’ by force in Apr 1653, becoming Lord Protector of the Commonwealth in December of that year. As the Lord Protector he was paid £100,000 a year (equivalent to well over £20,000,000 today).
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