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Significant pairing of two presidential documents: a DS as president, signed "James Buchanan," one page, 8 x 10.5, April 22, 1857, directing the Secretary of State to "affix the Seal of the United States to a full power to William B. Reed to treat with China"; and a DS as president, signed "James Buchanan," one page, 8 x 10.5, December 21, 1858, directing the Secretary of State to "affix the Seal of the United States to my ratification of the Treaty between the United States and China, of the 18th of June last." In overall fine to very fine condition.
The Treaty of Tientsin, signed on June 18, 1858, was a set of treaties between the United States, China, and other countries that opened Chinese ports to foreign trade. The treaty also allowed for the establishment of foreign legations in Beijing, the freedom of Christian missionaries, and the legalization of opium imports. Negotiated simultaneously were treaties between China and Russia, France, and Great Britain, which, together, ended the first phase of the Second Opium War.
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