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LS as secretary of state, one page both sides, 8 x 9.75, no date (circa early 1807). Letter referencing the Monroe–Pinkney Treaty drawn up in 1806 by American and British diplomats to renew the 1795 Jay Treaty, ostensibly addressed to Maryland Senator Samuel Smith, in full: “The Treaty lately concluded between the American and British Commissioners being in a situation to admit of deliberation on its several articles, it is thought highly advisable to avail the Executive of such observations on those relating to commerce and navigation as your intelligence and experience on those subjects will enable you to afford. You will render an acceptable service therefore by forwarding with as little delay as may be, the views under which the enclosed articles as they stand in that instrument present themselves to you. It is wished that your observations may be pointed particularly 1st. to the actual operation of the Articles respectively, whither in reference to Commerce or Navigation. 2d. to the question whither the articles in their respective forms, be, or be not, on the whole, preferable to a treaty without any provisions on the respective subjects of them. 3d What alterations might be made favorable to the United States, and not otherwise to Great Britain. 4th. What desirable alterations would not be disadvantageous to Great Britain, in a degree forbiding the hope of obtaining them 5th. Whither the General stipulations concerning the trade between the two Countries, comprehends or not, the trade between the Continental Colonies of Great Britain and the United States, and if they do, how would they effect the interest of the latter? I only add that this last branch of trade does not appear to have been contemplated by the parties to the negotiation and that it was, as is indeed sufficiently expressed, understood between them, that the Trade to the East Indies, was to be direct from, as well as to America. You will be fully sensible of the propriety of making this letter confidential as well as private, and will I am sure in execut’g the task which it imposes on you, use all the circumspection, which the delicate nature of it suggests.” The second integral page bears a “Rush Mill 1805” watermark. In fine condition.
On March 25, 1807, Madison sent a letter to Samuel Smith referencing the Monroe–Pinkney Treaty and enclosing this offered letter. Madison wrote, in part: ‘The enclosed will inform you that it has been thought proper to ask your ideas as to the Commercial articles of the Treaty. The Contents of the Instrument are not precisely such as you suppose; as to the E. Inda. trade particularly. As to impressments also, the question here is understood to turn not on form, but substance. On the whole the P. prefers further negotiation to a Treaty which, liable to a variety of inferior objections, fails as to an object most of all contemplated in the measures of Congs. and the Mission Exty. You will infer from the proclamation just published, that the future course will be in the spirit of the past.’
In 1806, the Monroe-Pinkney Treaty was negotiated between the United States and Great Britain to address ongoing concerns about the British impressment of American sailors and the neutral trading rights of American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars. The treaty was negotiated by the minister to Britain, James Monroe, and his associate, William Pinkney, on behalf of the Jefferson administration, and by Lord Holland and Lord Auckland on behalf of the Ministry of All the Talents, a government that was headed by Lord Grenville. The negotiations began on August 27, 1806, and the treaty was signed on December 31, 1806. President Jefferson angrily rejected the treaty after receiving it in March 1807, feeling it did not go far enough on either issue. Still unresolved five years later, these were the primary tensions that gave rise to the War of 1812.
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