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Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10, September 14, 1858. President Buchanan directs the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to “the envelope of a letter addressed to His Excellency, the Provisional President of Bolivia, (accrediting Mr. John Cotton Smith as Minister Resident of the United States).” Signed prominently at the conclusion by James Buchanan. In very good to fine condition, with a light diagonal crease to the lower left, and light toning to the edges and folds.
José María Linares Lizarazu (1808–1861) served as the 13th president of Bolivia from 1857 to 1861. After returning from exile in 1848, Linares became president of the Bolivian Congress and later overthrew President Jorge Córdova to assume the presidency. Linares, Bolivia's first civilian president, declared himself dictator in 1858 and confronted the power of the clergy and the military through a reform program. He repressed several uprising attempts, and in 1861, he was deposed by his supporters and replaced by a triumvirate that sentenced him to exile. The former president fled to Chile, where he died shortly after his exile.
John Cotton Smith II (1810-1879) served as the U. S. Minister Resident to Bolivia from 1858 to 1861. His father and namesake, John Cotton Smith, was a notable Connecticut politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives, as the 27th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut, and as the 23rd Governor of Connecticut.
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