Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10, December 8, 1894. President Cleveland directs the Secretary of State to cause the Seal of the United States to be affixed to “my proclamation of the Convention between the United States and China concerning the subject of emigration between the two countries, concluded at Washington, March 17, 1894.” Signed neatly at the conclusion by Grover Cleveland. In fine condition.
The first article of the referenced ‘Convention-China’ proclamation reads: ‘The High Contracting Parties agree that for a period of ten years, beginning with the date of the exchange of the ratifications of this Convention, the coming, except under the conditions hereinafter specified, of Chinese laborers to the United States shall be absolutely prohibited.’
This document relates to the Gresham-Yang Treaty signed between the United States of America and the Qing dynasty in 1894, in which the Qing dynasty consented to measures put in place by the United States prohibiting Chinese immigration in exchange for the readmission of previous Chinese residents, thus agreeing to the enforcement of the Geary Act. This was the first time the United States government barred an entire ethnic group from entering the mainland United States of America. The treaty lasted until 1904 when the Qing Dynasty government exercised its right to unilaterally withdraw.
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