Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8.5 x 11, October 29, 1868. President Johnson authorizes and directs the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to “Power to exchange the ratification to Treaty with China of the 28th of July 1868.” Signed in bold black ink at the conclusion by Andrew Johnson. In fine condition, with some light creasing, and small splits to the ends of the folds.
This document relates to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868, a landmark pact between the United States and Qing China, amending the Treaty of Tientsin, to establish formal friendly relations between the two nations, with the U. S. granting China the status of ‘most favored nation’ with regards to trade. It was signed in Washington, D.C. in 1868 and ratified in Peking in 1869. The most significant result of the treaty was that it effectively lifted any former restrictions in regard to emigration to the U. S. from China. The ensuing large-scale immigration to America by Chinese immigrants resulted in The Angell Treaty of 1880 and The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, both of which sought to drastically reduce the flow of Chinese immigration.
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